What is tumour resection?

Cranial tumour resection is a surgical procedure performed to remove abnormal growths within the brain or on its surface. These tumours may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and the decision to operate is based on various factors including the tumour’s size, location, growth rate, and effect on surrounding brain tissue. The primary goals of surgery are to relieve pressure on the brain, reduce symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits, and to obtain a tissue sample for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Modern cranial tumour resections are performed using advanced imaging and surgical navigation systems that enable precise planning and real-time intraoperative guidance. Depending on the location of the tumour, the surgery may be done with the patient awake (awake craniotomy) to preserve critical brain functions such as speech and motor control. In certain cases, complete tumour removal may not be possible due to its proximity to vital brain structures. In these instances, partial resection is performed to reduce tumour burden and improve quality of life, often in combination with adjunct therapies like radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Postoperative care is managed by a multidisciplinary team to monitor recovery and manage any complications. Patients often undergo rehabilitation to support neurological recovery and improve functional outcomes. Cranial tumour resection is a complex but often life-saving procedure that forms a cornerstone of modern neuro-oncology.

This surgery aims to treat the following conditions:

1. Brain Tumours: Abnormal growths of cells in the brain, which can be primary (originating in the brain) or secondary (spread from other parts of the body). Symptoms include headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits depending on the tumour's location.
2. Hydrocephalus: Tumours obstructing the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to increased intracranial pressure, causing headaches, nausea, and difficulty with movement.
3. Abnormal Cell Growth: Tumours that can cause cognitive and motor dysfunction, including changes in speech, vision, or coordination.

A Cranial (Brain) Biopsy is a medical procedure to remove a small sample of brain tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if a brain lesion is cancerous, benign, an infection, or another inflammatory condition, which helps determine the best treatment plan.